View source for Installing Joomla on Debian Linux

{{needs|technical review|Needs updating to latest Joomla, PHP, MySQL Versions}}

== Preface ==
This document guides you through the manual installation of Joomla! on ''Debian GNU Linux'' or one of its derivatives such as ''Ubuntu'', ''Knoppix'' or ''GRML''. Note that this guide applies to Joomla! {{JVer|2.5}} {{JVer|3.5}} {{JVer|3.6}} {{JVer|4.x}} {{JVer|5.x}} . It has been successfully tested on Debian 4.0 [Etch], Debian 5.0 [Lenny], Ubuntu 8.04 LTS [Hardy Heron], Ubuntu 10.10 [maverick] and Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot). It will work for all Debian-based Linux distributions as well.

Also note that this guide assumes you're installing Joomla! in a single hosting environment, running PHP as module. If you want to run multiple websites as a web hosting service provider, for security reasons you should consider setting up an suPHP (php5-cgi, libapache2-mod-suphp) environment, where every virtual Apache host runs under its own UID.

== Installing Joomla! ==
=== Prerequisites ===
You will need to install Apache2, ''mysql-server-5.0'', ''mysql-client-5.0'' and ''php5'' in order to have a web server for Joomla!.

=== Which Stack Should I Choose? ===
* [[Installing_Joomla_on_Debian_Linux#XAMPP|XAMPP]] automatically configures ownership.
* [[Installing_Joomla_on_Debian_Linux#LaMp|LaMp]] requires use of the ''chown'' command.
* [[Installing_Joomla_on_Debian_Linux#BitNami_Joomla.21_stack|BitNami Joomla! Stack]] is free, self-contained and automatically configures the LAMP stack and Joomla!

== XAMPP ==
Download [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Linux/ XAMPP] for Linux to your your Home folder.

=== Install XAMPP ===
Open Terminal and enter:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.8.3.tar.gz -C /opt
</syntaxhighlight>

(Replace ''xampp-linux-1.8.3.tar.gz'' with the version of XAMPP you downloaded).

This installs Apache2, MySQL and PHP as well as an FTP server.

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start
</syntaxhighlight>

and
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo /opt/lampp/lampp stop
</syntaxhighlight>

...starts/stops all the services.

=== Test Your XAMPP Localhost Server ===
Open your Browser and point it to
 http://localhost
The ''index.php'' will redirect to
 http://localhost/xampp

There you will find instructions on how to change default usernames and passwords. On a PC that does not serve files to the Internet or LAN, changing the defaults is a personal choice.

=== Multiple Versions of XAMPP ===
It can be useful to have access to several versions of XAMPP on your PC. (To have available different versions of PHP for testing.) XAMPP doesn't make this easy but it is possible - see [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47498835/installing-two-versions-of-php-with-xampp-on-ubuntu-system "how to" article]. (For Linux only.)

=== Get Joomla ===
Download the latest Joomla installation zip [https://downloads.joomla.org/us/]

Unzip to your hard drive

Connect to localhost with XAMPP's FTP client
Default
 nobody
 lampp

Use FTP to create a folder for your Joomla on the localhost server

FTP the unpacked Joomla installation files to the newly-created Joomla folder.

'''Important'''
* The XAMPP installation sets the correct Ownership of the files and permissions.
* Using the ''chown'' command will cause ownership problems with XAMPP.
* Using Nautilus to manipulate folders/files on localhost will cause ownership problems with XAMPP.

=== Configure Joomla ===
In your Browser type:
 http://localhost/yournewjoomlafolder

In the first Joomla installation screen if error reporting is shown as on then:

In your Terminal type
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo gedit /opt/lampp/etc/php.ini
</syntaxhighlight>

In the ''php.ini'' file, locate
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
error_reporting =
</syntaxhighlight>
And change the value to
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_DEPRECATED
</syntaxhighlight>

Also locate
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
display_errors = On
</syntaxhighlight>
And change the value to
<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
display_errors = Off
</syntaxhighlight>

Stop then restart XAMPP for the new settings to take effect.

FTP layer is '''not''' needed

'''Database info'''

'''Host''': ''localhost''

'''Database name''': ''test''
:''(XAMPP will automatically create a database of the name you specify).''

'''Default Database user''': ''root''
:There is no Password for '''Database user''': ''root''.

Administrator password is your choice.

Installing Sample Data is recommended for the novice user.

After installation delete the installation directory and point your Browser to:
 http://localhost/yournewjoomlafolder
or
 http://localhost/yournewjoomlafolder/administrator

=== Create a Link in the Ubuntu Menu ===
'''To create a GUI for XAMPP connected to your Ubuntu menu'''

Open up the Terminal and type
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/xampp-control-panel.desktop
</syntaxhighlight>

Then copy the following into the gedit and save.

<syntaxhighlight lang="ini">
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=XAMPP Control Panel
Comment=Start and Stop XAMPP
Exec=gksudo "python /opt/lampp/share/xampp-control-panel/xampp-control-panel.py"
Icon=/usr/share/icons/Tango/scalable/devices/network-wired.svg
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GNOME;Application;Network;
StartupNotify=true
</syntaxhighlight>

'''N.B.''' Ubuntu 11.10 needs ''python-glade2'' installed in order to run the GUI. ''python-glade2'' can be found in the Ubuntu Software Center.

== LaMp ==
You will find instructions on [https://wiki.debian.org/LaMp wiki.debian.org]. Make sure that you have installed ''bzip2'' for extracting the downloaded Joomla! package.

You can check this by the following command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ dpkg -l | grep bzip2
</syntaxhighlight>

Note that the dollar sign '$' shell prompt is indicating you're a ''regular user''. We will later see a hash mark (#) shell prompt, which indicates that you're the super user ''root'' after issuing an ''su'' or ''sudo''. The first policy for a secure Linux system administration on the command line (but under X also) is to issue commands with the lowest permission as possible.

If ''bzip2'' is not installed, you won't get an output. Then you can quickly install it via aptitude:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ su -c "aptitude install bzip2"
</syntaxhighlight>

Here we see the first command executed with root permissions, because a regular user is not allowed to install new software. The '-c' option passes the following command to ''su'' and hereafter it terminates instead of switching to a root shell.

=== Configure PHP5 ===
In the pre -install check (you get to that when the install is complete and are setting up Joomla at the web page), Output Buffering was On and it's recommended that it should be Off. To do so:
edit /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini , comment out this line: output_buffering = 4096 , by putting a ';' in front. it'll look like this when done:
 ;output_buffering = 4096

There were also warnings on the install screen regarding ''suhosin''. To make the suggested changes, edit this file:
 /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini
I set these:
<pre>
suhosin.post.max_array_index_length = 256
suhosin.post.max_totalname_length = 8192
suhosin.post.max_vars = 2048
suhosin.request.max_array_index_length = 256
suhosin.request.max_totalname_length = 8192
suhosin.request.max_vars = 2048
</pre>

=== Configure MySQL ===
It is time to create a database for Joomla! You can do this by the following commands:
 mysqladmin -u root -p create joomla

Replace ''joomla'' with the name of choice for Joomla!'s database.

Now create a MySQL user different from root for Joomla!'s database. First enter into MySQL system with:
 mysql -u root -p
Then at the ''mysql>'' prompt, enter the following. Make sure you replace ''joomla'' with the name of Joomla!'s database from above. Replace ''yourusername'' with the user name you choose for the MySQL user accessing Joomla!'s database, and replace ''yourpassword'' with your password of choice for the MySQL user.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, \
LOCK TABLES ON joomla.* TO 'yourusername'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
</syntaxhighlight>
Activate the settings and quit : [ there will be a mysql> prompt:
 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
 \q

After disconnecting from the database server, you should remove the login information of your just new created MySQL user by editing MySQL's history file.
 vi ~/.mysql_history

You can use any editor of your choice such as ''nano'', ''vi'' or ''emacs'' that is installed on your system.

=== Get Joomla! Source ===
Now it is time to download the Joomla! sources. Currently you will find download links on the [https://downloads.joomla.org/us/ Joomla Downloads] page. For version 1.5.11, you may do the following from command line, assuming your current working directory is your home folder ''/home/user'':
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ wget http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/10209/40306/Joomla_1.5.11-Stable-Full_Package.tar.bz2
$ cd /var/www
$ su
# mkdir -m 0755 joomla
# cd joomla
# tar -xvjf /home/user/Joomla_1.5.11-Stable-Full_Package.tar.bz2
</syntaxhighlight>

for 1.7 use this wget line:
 wget http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/15278/66553/Joomla_1.7.0-Stable-Full_Package.tar.bz2
Check http://joomlacode.org/gf/project/joomla/frs/ for an updated package.

Here is the first time we see this hash mark (#) shell prompt. We call ''su'' without any options, because we want to issue root commands more than only one time. Calling ''su'' that way will prompt us for the super user's password and then change the actual shell environment, respectively $UID and $EUID.

=== Set Ownership and Permissions ===
If you want to allow writing in the entire Joomla folder, simply do:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/joomla
</syntaxhighlight>

If you want a more restrictive approach, do this instead:
<pre>
chown -R root:root /var/www/joomla
cd /var/www/joomla
PLACES='
administrator/backups
administrator/components
administrator/modules
administrator/templates
cache
components
images
images/banners
images/stories
language
mambots
mambots/content
mambots/editors
mambots/editors-xtd
mambots/search
media
modules
templates
'
for i in $PLACES; do chown -R www-data:www-data $i; done
</pre>

Now set file and directory permissions:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
find /var/www/joomla -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} \;
find /var/www/joomla -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} \;
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Configure Joomla! ===
Open your web browser, and point it to http://localhost/joomla. Replace ''localhost'' with your servers IP or domain name if it you are installing on a remote system.

You will be guided through the final steps of setting up Joomla!, have your MySQL user, password and database name available.

When you reach the final screen with congratulations on installing Joomla!, remove the installation directory. From root terminal:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
# rm -rf /var/www/joomla/installation/
# exit
$
</syntaxhighlight>

And that's it! Now you can log into the Administrator interface of your fresh installed Joomla!.

== BitNami Joomla! Stack ==

=== What is BitNami Joomla! Stack? ===
BitNami Joomla! Stack is an all-in-one installer that makes it easy to install Joomla on your computer. It is free, easy to use and self-contained. That means it bundles and automatically configures every piece of software (dependency) necessary to run Joomla for development or production purposes, including Apache, MySQL and PHP.
You can [https://bitnami.com/stack/joomla download the latest version of BitNami Joomla! stack] for Windows, Linux and OS X.

=== Installing Joomla! Stack ===
Regardless of which operating system you are running (Windows/Linux/Mac), the install process is the same.

Find the installer you just downloaded. The filename will be similar to ''bitnami-joomla-VERSION-linux-installer.run''. Double click on the icon to launch the installer.

 Note: If you are using Linux you will have to give executable permissions to the file first, using this command:
 chmod +x /path/to/bitnami-joomla-VERSION-linux-installer.run

[[File:Joomla_welcome.png]]

Click ''Forward''.

[[File:Joomla_components.png]]

Select the components you want to install. If you are not sure, leave the default components checked. Click ''Forward'' when you are done.

[[File:Joomla_directory.png]]

Now it will ask where you want to install the program. Provide the location where you want to install the BitNami Joomla! stack and click ''Forward'' when you are done.

[[File:Joomla_userdata.png]]

The user and password you provide here will be used to create the Administrator account in Joomla! Click ''Forward'' when done.

[[File:Joomla_sitename.png]]

Type in the name you want to use for your Joomla site, and click ''Forward''.

[[File:JoomlaReadytoinstall.png]]

The installer is now ready to begin the installation process. Click ''Forward''.

[[File:JoomlaCopyingfiles.png]]

Wait a minute while the installer copies the files and configures your Joomla! installation.

[[File:Joomlafinalscreen.png]]

Joomla! is now set up and ready to be used. Click ''Finish'' to launch the application.

[[File:Joomlaapplicationscreen.png]]

You can now log in using the username and password you provided during the installation.
<noinclude>[[Category:Installation]][[Category:Server setup local]][[Category:Server configurations]]<noinclude>