Difference between revisions of "Developing a MVC Component/Adding a view to the site part"
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< Archived:Developing a MVC Component
m (Reverted edits by Eduardoq (talk) to last revision by Chris Davenport) |
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− | {{ | + | {{version/tutor|2.5}} |
− | + | {{Chunk:Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla!2.5 - Contents}} | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | {{Chunk:Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla! | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
− | This tutorial is part of the [[Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla! | + | This tutorial is part of the [[Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla!2.5]] tutorial. You are encouraged to read the previous parts of the tutorial before reading this. |
− | In the Joomla! | + | In the Joomla!2.5 framework, third party component authors divide their code into three main parts: |
* ''models'' They manage the data | * ''models'' They manage the data | ||
* ''controllers'' They perform tasks, set and get the states of the models and ask the views to display | * ''controllers'' They perform tasks, set and get the states of the models and ask the views to display | ||
Line 14: | Line 11: | ||
== Setting the controller == | == Setting the controller == | ||
− | In the core code of Joomla, there is a class able to manage controllers: ''JController''. This class has to be extended to be used in our component. In the file ''site/helloworld.php'' (entry point of our ''Hello World'' component), put these lines | + | In the core code of Joomla, there is a class able to manage controllers: ''[http://api.joomla.org/Joomla-Platform/Application/JController.html JController]''. This class has to be extended to be used in our component. In the file ''site/helloworld.php'' (entry point of our ''Hello World'' component), put these lines |
<span id="site/helloworld.php"> | <span id="site/helloworld.php"> | ||
Line 22: | Line 19: | ||
// No direct access to this file | // No direct access to this file | ||
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access'); | defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access'); | ||
+ | |||
// import joomla controller library | // import joomla controller library | ||
jimport('joomla.application.component.controller'); | jimport('joomla.application.component.controller'); | ||
+ | |||
// Get an instance of the controller prefixed by HelloWorld | // Get an instance of the controller prefixed by HelloWorld | ||
$controller = JController::getInstance('HelloWorld'); | $controller = JController::getInstance('HelloWorld'); | ||
+ | |||
// Perform the Request task | // Perform the Request task | ||
− | $controller->execute( | + | $input = JFactory::getApplication()->input; |
+ | $controller->execute($input->getCmd('task')); | ||
+ | |||
// Redirect if set by the controller | // Redirect if set by the controller | ||
− | $controller->redirect(); | + | $controller->redirect();</source> |
− | </source> | ||
</span> | </span> | ||
− | The ''getInstance'' static method of the ''JController'' class will create a controller. In the code above, it will | + | The ''[http://api.joomla.org/Joomla-Platform/Application/JController.html#getInstance getInstance]'' static method of the ''JController'' class will create a controller. In the code above, it will instantiate a controller object of a class named ''HelloWorldController''. Joomla will look for the declaration of that class in an aptly named file called ''controller.php'' (it's a default behavior). |
− | + | Now, ''controller.php'' needs to be created and ''HelloWorldController'' needs to be declared and defined. So with your favorite file manager and editor, create a ''site/controller.php'' file containing | |
<span id="site/controller.php"> | <span id="site/controller.php"> | ||
Line 42: | Line 43: | ||
// No direct access to this file | // No direct access to this file | ||
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access'); | defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access'); | ||
+ | |||
// import Joomla controller library | // import Joomla controller library | ||
jimport('joomla.application.component.controller'); | jimport('joomla.application.component.controller'); | ||
− | // | + | |
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Hello World Component Controller | ||
+ | */ | ||
class HelloWorldController extends JController | class HelloWorldController extends JController | ||
{ | { | ||
Line 54: | Line 59: | ||
== Setting the view == | == Setting the view == | ||
+ | |||
+ | When JController wants to display a view, it will look for certain files in the ''component/com_[component_name]/views/[name of view]/'' folder. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The name of the folder of the default view is the name of the component itself. In our case the path is ''component/com_helloworld/views/helloworld/''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The file that will contain the code of the view is called ''view.[view_mode].php''. The default view mode, and probably the only view a component might need is the ''html'' mode. So this give us our file name which is ''view.html.php''. | ||
+ | |||
With your favorite file manager and editor, create a file ''site/views/helloworld/view.html.php'' able to display the default view and containing | With your favorite file manager and editor, create a file ''site/views/helloworld/view.html.php'' able to display the default view and containing | ||
Line 62: | Line 74: | ||
// No direct access to this file | // No direct access to this file | ||
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access'); | defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access'); | ||
+ | |||
// import Joomla view library | // import Joomla view library | ||
jimport('joomla.application.component.view'); | jimport('joomla.application.component.view'); | ||
− | // | + | |
− | class HelloWorldViewHelloWorld extends JView { | + | /** |
− | + | * HTML View class for the HelloWorld Component | |
+ | */ | ||
+ | class HelloWorldViewHelloWorld extends JView | ||
+ | { | ||
// Overwriting JView display method | // Overwriting JView display method | ||
− | function display($tpl = null) { | + | function display($tpl = null) |
+ | { | ||
// Assign data to the view | // Assign data to the view | ||
$this->msg = 'Hello World'; | $this->msg = 'Hello World'; | ||
+ | |||
// Display the view | // Display the view | ||
parent::display($tpl); | parent::display($tpl); | ||
Line 78: | Line 96: | ||
</span> | </span> | ||
− | The ''display'' method of the '' | + | The ''display'' method of the ''[http://api.joomla.org/Joomla-Platform/Application/JView.html JView]'' class is called with the ''display'' task of the JController class. In our case, this method will display data using the ''tmpl/default.php'' file. With your favorite file manager and editor, create a file ''site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php'' able to display the default view and containing |
<span id="site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php"> | <span id="site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php"> | ||
Line 89: | Line 107: | ||
<h1><?php echo $this->msg; ?></h1> | <h1><?php echo $this->msg; ?></h1> | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
+ | |||
+ | This template file will be included by the JView class. Therefore, here, $this refers to the HelloWorldViewHelloWorld class. | ||
== Packaging the component == | == Packaging the component == | ||
Line 94: | Line 114: | ||
Content of your code directory | Content of your code directory | ||
* ''[[#helloworld.xml|helloworld.xml]]'' | * ''[[#helloworld.xml|helloworld.xml]]'' | ||
− | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla! | + | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|site/index.html]]'' |
* ''[[#site/helloworld.php|site/helloworld.php]]'' | * ''[[#site/helloworld.php|site/helloworld.php]]'' | ||
* ''[[#site/controller.php|site/controller.php]]'' | * ''[[#site/controller.php|site/controller.php]]'' | ||
− | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla! | + | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|site/views/index.html]]'' |
− | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla! | + | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|site/views/helloworld/index.html]]'' |
* ''[[#site/views/helloworld/view.html.php|site/views/helloworld/view.html.php]]'' | * ''[[#site/views/helloworld/view.html.php|site/views/helloworld/view.html.php]]'' | ||
− | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla! | + | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|site/views/helloworld/tmpl/index.html]]'' |
* ''[[#site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php|site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php]]'' | * ''[[#site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php|site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php]]'' | ||
− | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla! | + | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|admin/index.html]]'' |
− | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla! | + | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#admin/helloworld.php|admin/helloworld.php]]'' |
+ | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|admin/sql/index.html]]'' | ||
+ | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|admin/sql/updates/index.html]]'' | ||
+ | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#index.html|admin/sql/updates/mysql/index.html]]'' | ||
+ | * ''[[Developing_a_Model-View-Controller_(MVC)_Component_for_Joomla!2.5_-_Part_01#admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.1.sql|admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.1.sql]]'' | ||
− | Create a compressed file of this directory or directly download the [http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/11394/ | + | Create a compressed file of this directory or directly download the [http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/11394/58226/com_helloworld-1.6-part02.zip archive] and install it using the extension manager of Joomla. You can test this basic component by putting ''index.php?option=com_helloworld'' in your browser address. |
<span id="helloworld.xml"> | <span id="helloworld.xml"> | ||
Line 111: | Line 135: | ||
<source lang="xml"> | <source lang="xml"> | ||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> | ||
− | <extension type="component" version=" | + | <extension type="component" version="2.5.0" method="upgrade"> |
+ | |||
<name>Hello World!</name> | <name>Hello World!</name> | ||
+ | <!-- The following elements are optional and free of formatting constraints --> | ||
<creationDate>November 2009</creationDate> | <creationDate>November 2009</creationDate> | ||
<author>John Doe</author> | <author>John Doe</author> | ||
Line 119: | Line 145: | ||
<copyright>Copyright Info</copyright> | <copyright>Copyright Info</copyright> | ||
<license>License Info</license> | <license>License Info</license> | ||
+ | <!-- The version string is recorded in the components table --> | ||
<version>0.0.2</version> | <version>0.0.2</version> | ||
+ | <!-- The description is optional and defaults to the name --> | ||
<description>Description of the Hello World component ...</description> | <description>Description of the Hello World component ...</description> | ||
+ | <update> <!-- Runs on update; New in 2.5 --> | ||
+ | <schemas> | ||
+ | <schemapath type="mysql">sql/updates/mysql</schemapath> | ||
+ | </schemas> | ||
+ | </update> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- Site Main File Copy Section --> | ||
+ | <!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder | ||
+ | to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied | ||
+ | in this section are copied from /site/ in the package --> | ||
<files folder="site"> | <files folder="site"> | ||
<filename>index.html</filename> | <filename>index.html</filename> | ||
<filename>helloworld.php</filename> | <filename>helloworld.php</filename> | ||
− | |||
<filename>controller.php</filename> | <filename>controller.php</filename> | ||
− | |||
<folder>views</folder> | <folder>views</folder> | ||
</files> | </files> | ||
<administration> | <administration> | ||
+ | <!-- Administration Menu Section --> | ||
<menu>Hello World!</menu> | <menu>Hello World!</menu> | ||
+ | <!-- Administration Main File Copy Section --> | ||
+ | <!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder | ||
+ | to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied | ||
+ | in this section are copied from /admin/ in the package --> | ||
<files folder="admin"> | <files folder="admin"> | ||
+ | <!-- Admin Main File Copy Section --> | ||
<filename>index.html</filename> | <filename>index.html</filename> | ||
<filename>helloworld.php</filename> | <filename>helloworld.php</filename> | ||
− | </files> | + | <!-- SQL files section --> |
+ | <folder>sql</folder> | ||
+ | </files> | ||
</administration> | </administration> | ||
+ | |||
</extension> | </extension> | ||
</source> | </source> | ||
Line 144: | Line 189: | ||
'''Result:''' | '''Result:''' | ||
You will see by default the message contained in the variable ''$this->msg'' in the ''view.html.php'' file. | You will see by default the message contained in the variable ''$this->msg'' in the ''view.html.php'' file. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Navigate == | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla!2.5 - Part 01|Prev: Developing a Basic Component]] [[Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla!2.5 - Part 03|Next: Adding a menu type to the site part]] | ||
== Contributors == | == Contributors == | ||
*[[User:cdemko|Christophe Demko]] | *[[User:cdemko|Christophe Demko]] | ||
+ | *[[User:oaksu|Ozgur Aksu]] | ||
[[Category:Development]] | [[Category:Development]] | ||
− | [[ | + | [[Category:Joomla! 1.6]] |
− | [[ | + | [[Category:Joomla! 1.7]] |
+ | [[Category:Joomla! 2.5]] |
Revision as of 19:52, 24 October 2012
This page has been archived. This page contains information for an unsupported Joomla! version or is no longer relevant. It exists only as a historical reference, it will not be improved and its content may be incomplete and/or contain broken links.
Articles in this Series
- Introduction
- Developing a Basic Component
- Adding a view to the site part
- Adding a menu type to the site part
- Adding a model to the site part
- Adding a variable request in the menu type
- Using the database
- Basic backend
- Adding language management
- Adding backend actions
- Adding decorations to the backend
- Adding verifications
- Adding categories
- Adding configuration
- Adding ACL
- Adding an install/uninstall/update script file
- Using the language filter facility
- Adding an update server
- Example of a Frontend Update Function
- Example of Menu Parameters & Stylesheets
Introduction[edit]
This tutorial is part of the Developing a Model-View-Controller (MVC) Component for Joomla!2.5 tutorial. You are encouraged to read the previous parts of the tutorial before reading this.
In the Joomla!2.5 framework, third party component authors divide their code into three main parts:
- models They manage the data
- controllers They perform tasks, set and get the states of the models and ask the views to display
- views They display the content according to the type (error, feed, html, json, raw, xml) and the layout chosen by the controllers
Setting the controller[edit]
In the core code of Joomla, there is a class able to manage controllers: JController. This class has to be extended to be used in our component. In the file site/helloworld.php (entry point of our Hello World component), put these lines
site/helloworld.php
<?php
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
// import joomla controller library
jimport('joomla.application.component.controller');
// Get an instance of the controller prefixed by HelloWorld
$controller = JController::getInstance('HelloWorld');
// Perform the Request task
$input = JFactory::getApplication()->input;
$controller->execute($input->getCmd('task'));
// Redirect if set by the controller
$controller->redirect();
The getInstance static method of the JController class will create a controller. In the code above, it will instantiate a controller object of a class named HelloWorldController. Joomla will look for the declaration of that class in an aptly named file called controller.php (it's a default behavior).
Now, controller.php needs to be created and HelloWorldController needs to be declared and defined. So with your favorite file manager and editor, create a site/controller.php file containing
site/controller.php
<?php
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
// import Joomla controller library
jimport('joomla.application.component.controller');
/**
* Hello World Component Controller
*/
class HelloWorldController extends JController
{
}
When no task is given in the request variables, the default task will be executed. It's the display task by default. The JController class has such a task. In our example, it will display a view named HelloWorld.
Setting the view[edit]
When JController wants to display a view, it will look for certain files in the component/com_[component_name]/views/[name of view]/ folder.
The name of the folder of the default view is the name of the component itself. In our case the path is component/com_helloworld/views/helloworld/.
The file that will contain the code of the view is called view.[view_mode].php. The default view mode, and probably the only view a component might need is the html mode. So this give us our file name which is view.html.php.
With your favorite file manager and editor, create a file site/views/helloworld/view.html.php able to display the default view and containing
site/views/helloworld/view.html.php
<?php
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
// import Joomla view library
jimport('joomla.application.component.view');
/**
* HTML View class for the HelloWorld Component
*/
class HelloWorldViewHelloWorld extends JView
{
// Overwriting JView display method
function display($tpl = null)
{
// Assign data to the view
$this->msg = 'Hello World';
// Display the view
parent::display($tpl);
}
}
The display method of the JView class is called with the display task of the JController class. In our case, this method will display data using the tmpl/default.php file. With your favorite file manager and editor, create a file site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php able to display the default view and containing
site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php
<?php
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
?>
<h1><?php echo $this->msg; ?></h1>
This template file will be included by the JView class. Therefore, here, $this refers to the HelloWorldViewHelloWorld class.
Packaging the component[edit]
Content of your code directory
- helloworld.xml
- site/index.html
- site/helloworld.php
- site/controller.php
- site/views/index.html
- site/views/helloworld/index.html
- site/views/helloworld/view.html.php
- site/views/helloworld/tmpl/index.html
- site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php
- admin/index.html
- admin/helloworld.php
- admin/sql/index.html
- admin/sql/updates/index.html
- admin/sql/updates/mysql/index.html
- admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.1.sql
Create a compressed file of this directory or directly download the archive and install it using the extension manager of Joomla. You can test this basic component by putting index.php?option=com_helloworld in your browser address.
helloworld.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<extension type="component" version="2.5.0" method="upgrade">
<name>Hello World!</name>
<!-- The following elements are optional and free of formatting constraints -->
<creationDate>November 2009</creationDate>
<author>John Doe</author>
<authorEmail>john.doe@example.org</authorEmail>
<authorUrl>http://www.example.org</authorUrl>
<copyright>Copyright Info</copyright>
<license>License Info</license>
<!-- The version string is recorded in the components table -->
<version>0.0.2</version>
<!-- The description is optional and defaults to the name -->
<description>Description of the Hello World component ...</description>
<update> <!-- Runs on update; New in 2.5 -->
<schemas>
<schemapath type="mysql">sql/updates/mysql</schemapath>
</schemas>
</update>
<!-- Site Main File Copy Section -->
<!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder
to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied
in this section are copied from /site/ in the package -->
<files folder="site">
<filename>index.html</filename>
<filename>helloworld.php</filename>
<filename>controller.php</filename>
<folder>views</folder>
</files>
<administration>
<!-- Administration Menu Section -->
<menu>Hello World!</menu>
<!-- Administration Main File Copy Section -->
<!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder
to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied
in this section are copied from /admin/ in the package -->
<files folder="admin">
<!-- Admin Main File Copy Section -->
<filename>index.html</filename>
<filename>helloworld.php</filename>
<!-- SQL files section -->
<folder>sql</folder>
</files>
</administration>
</extension>
Result: You will see by default the message contained in the variable $this->msg in the view.html.php file.
[edit]
Prev: Developing a Basic Component Next: Adding a menu type to the site part