Sviluppo di un componente MVC/aggiunta delle azioni in Back-End
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< J3.x:Developing an MVC ComponentRevision as of 22:42, 6 November 2021 by Ing Pulizzi (talk | contribs) (Created page with "S:MyLanguage/J3.x:Developing_an_MVC_Component/Adding decorations to the backend|Next: Aggiunta dettagli al Back-End")
Articles in This Series
- Introduction
- Developing a Basic Component
- Adding a View to the Site Part
- Adding a Menu Type to the Site Part
- Adding a Model to the Site Part
- Adding a Variable Request in the Menu Type
- Using the Database
- Basic Backend
- Adding Language Management
- Adding Backend Actions
- Adding Decorations to the Backend
- Adding Verifications
- Adding Categories
- Adding Configuration
- Adding ACL
- Adding an Install/Uninstall/Update Script File
- Adding a Frontend Form
- Adding an Image
- Adding a Map
- Adding AJAX
- Adding an Alias
- Using the Language Filter Facility
- Adding a Modal
- Adding Associations
- Adding Checkout
- Adding Ordering
- Adding Levels
- Adding Versioning
- Adding Tags
- Adding Access
- Adding a Batch Process
- Adding Cache
- Adding a Feed
- Adding an Update Server
- Adding Custom Fields
- Upgrading to Joomla4
Questa è una serie di tutorial su come sviluppare un componente secondo il paradigma Model-View-Controller. Component Versione Joomla!.
Comincia con gli articoli di questa serie delle Introduzioni, e naviga tra gli articoli di utilizzando il pulsante di navigazione in basso o il riquadro a destra (gli Articoli di questa serie).
Introduzione
Questo tutorial fa parte di Sviluppo di un componente MVC per Joomla! 3.2 tutorial. ti consigliamo di leggere le lezioni precedenti del tutorial prima di leggere questo.
Ci sono 5 video associati a questo passaggio nel tutorial, che copre (1) Modifiche alla visualizzazione e al layout di Helloworlds, (2) 6pidS152n58 Gestione eliminazioni, e poi tre sulla funzionalità richiesta per supportare Nuovo e Modifica: (3) Gestione nuovo/modifica reindirizzamento, (4) R1-XVPhI-Ms Visualizza il modulo di modifica del messaggio Helloworld e (5) Gestione salvataggio e annullamento.
In conjunction with this step, you will probably find it useful to read this description of Joomla's implementation of MVC
Aggiunta della barra degli strumenti - ToolBar
In Joomla, l'amministratore interagisce generalmente con i componenti attraverso l'uso di una barra degli strumenti. Nel file admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php inserisci questo contenuto. Creerà una barra degli strumenti di base e un titolo per il componente.
Gli argomenti utilizzati, ad esempio, in JToolbarHelper::addNew vengono utilizzati per impostare un'istanza del controller che verrà utilizzata dopo aver fatto clic sul pulsante. Ulteriori dettagli di seguito in aggiunta di controller specifici sezione.
admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
/**
* HelloWorlds View
*
* @since 0.0.1
*/
class HelloWorldViewHelloWorlds extends JViewLegacy
{
/**
* Display the Hello World view
*
* @param string $tpl The name of the template file to parse; automatically searches through the template paths.
*
* @return void
*/
function display($tpl = null)
{
// Get data from the model
$this->items = $this->get('Items');
$this->pagination = $this->get('Pagination');
// Check for errors.
if (count($errors = $this->get('Errors')))
{
JError::raiseError(500, implode('<br />', $errors));
return false;
}
// Set the toolbar
$this->addToolBar();
// Display the template
parent::display($tpl);
}
/**
* Add the page title and toolbar.
*
* @return void
*
* @since 1.6
*/
protected function addToolBar()
{
JToolbarHelper::title(JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLDS'));
JToolbarHelper::addNew('helloworld.add');
JToolbarHelper::editList('helloworld.edit');
JToolbarHelper::deleteList('', 'helloworlds.delete');
}
}
Puoi trovare altre classiche azioni di backend nel file administrator/includes/toolbar.php della tua installazione di Joomla.
Poiché la vista può eseguire alcune azioni, dobbiamo aggiungere alcuni dati di input. Con il tuo file manager ed editor preferito, inserisci il file admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/default.php
admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/default.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted Access');
?>
<form action="index.php?option=com_helloworld&view=helloworlds" method="post" id="adminForm" name="adminForm">
<table class="table table-striped table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th width="1%"><?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_NUM'); ?></th>
<th width="2%">
<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.checkall'); ?>
</th>
<th width="90%">
<?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLDS_NAME') ;?>
</th>
<th width="5%">
<?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_PUBLISHED'); ?>
</th>
<th width="2%">
<?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_ID'); ?>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td colspan="5">
<?php echo $this->pagination->getListFooter(); ?>
</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<?php if (!empty($this->items)) : ?>
<?php foreach ($this->items as $i => $row) :
$link = JRoute::_('index.php?option=com_helloworld&task=helloworld.edit&id=' . $row->id);
?>
<tr>
<td><?php echo $this->pagination->getRowOffset($i); ?></td>
<td>
<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.id', $i, $row->id); ?>
</td>
<td>
<a href="<?php echo $link; ?>" title="<?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_EDIT_HELLOWORLD'); ?>">
<?php echo $row->greeting; ?>
</a>
</td>
<td align="center">
<?php echo JHtml::_('jgrid.published', $row->published, $i, 'helloworlds.', true, 'cb'); ?>
</td>
<td align="center">
<?php echo $row->id; ?>
</td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
</tbody>
</table>
<input type="hidden" name="task" value=""/>
<input type="hidden" name="boxchecked" value="0"/>
<?php echo JHtml::_('form.token'); ?>
</form>
La funzione di sottolineatura di JRoute viene utilizzata in modo che il sito visualizzi gli URL SEF; vedere Supporto degli URL SEF nel tuo componente.
Il campo "task" viene utilizzato per definire il parametro controller.task che verrà inviato al server nella richiesta POST al momento dell'invio del modulo.
Il campo "boxchecked" è usato per tenere traccia del numero di caselle spuntate.
L'utilizzo del token del modulo aiuta a prevenire attacchi CSRF.
Aggiunta di controller specifici
Sono state aggiunte tre azioni:
- helloworlds.delete
- helloworld.edit
- helloworld.add
Questi sono compiti composti (controller.task). Quindi due nuovi controller HelloWorldControllerHelloWorlds e HelloWorldControllerHelloWorld devono essere codificati. (Per capire la differenza tra i due tipi di sottocontrollori leggi di più in questo articolo: subcontroller...).
admin/controllers/helloworlds.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
/**
* HelloWorlds Controller
*
* @since 0.0.1
*/
class HelloWorldControllerHelloWorlds extends JControllerAdmin
{
/**
* Proxy for getModel.
*
* @param string $name The model name. Optional.
* @param string $prefix The class prefix. Optional.
* @param array $config Configuration array for model. Optional.
*
* @return object The model.
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public function getModel($name = 'HelloWorld', $prefix = 'HelloWorldModel', $config = array('ignore_request' => true))
{
$model = parent::getModel($name, $prefix, $config);
return $model;
}
}
admin/controllers/helloworld.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
/**
* HelloWorld Controller
*
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
* @since 0.0.9
*/
class HelloWorldControllerHelloWorld extends JControllerForm
{
}
Aggiunta di una vista per l'editing e la modifica
Con il tuo file manager ed editor preferito, inserisci un file admin/views/helloworld/view.html.php contenente:
admin/views/helloworld/view.html.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
/**
* HelloWorld View
*
* @since 0.0.1
*/
class HelloWorldViewHelloWorld extends JViewLegacy
{
/**
* View form
*
* @var form
*/
protected $form = null;
/**
* Display the Hello World view
*
* @param string $tpl The name of the template file to parse; automatically searches through the template paths.
*
* @return void
*/
public function display($tpl = null)
{
// Get the Data
$this->form = $this->get('Form');
$this->item = $this->get('Item');
// Check for errors.
if (count($errors = $this->get('Errors')))
{
JError::raiseError(500, implode('<br />', $errors));
return false;
}
// Set the toolbar
$this->addToolBar();
// Display the template
parent::display($tpl);
}
/**
* Add the page title and toolbar.
*
* @return void
*
* @since 1.6
*/
protected function addToolBar()
{
$input = JFactory::getApplication()->input;
// Hide Joomla Administrator Main menu
$input->set('hidemainmenu', true);
$isNew = ($this->item->id == 0);
if ($isNew)
{
$title = JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLD_NEW');
}
else
{
$title = JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLD_EDIT');
}
JToolbarHelper::title($title, 'helloworld');
JToolbarHelper::save('helloworld.save');
JToolbarHelper::cancel(
'helloworld.cancel',
$isNew ? 'JTOOLBAR_CANCEL' : 'JTOOLBAR_CLOSE'
);
}
}
Questa vista visualizzerà i dati utilizzando un layout.
Metti un file admin/views/helloworld/tmpl/edit.php contenente:
admin/views/helloworld/tmpl/edit.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
?>
<form action="<?php echo JRoute::_('index.php?option=com_helloworld&layout=edit&id=' . (int) $this->item->id); ?>"
method="post" name="adminForm" id="adminForm">
<div class="form-horizontal">
<fieldset class="adminform">
<legend><?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_DETAILS'); ?></legend>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span6">
<?php
foreach($this->form->getFieldset() as $field) {
echo $field->renderField();
}
?>
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="helloworld.edit" />
<?php echo JHtml::_('form.token'); ?>
</form>
Aggiunta di un modello e modifica di quello esistente
La vista HelloWorldViewHelloWorld richiede il form e i dati a un modello. Questo modello deve fornire un metodo getTable, un metodo getForm e un metodo loadData (chiamato dal controller JModelAdmin).
admin/models/helloworld.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_helloworld
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');
/**
* HelloWorld Model
*
* @since 0.0.1
*/
class HelloWorldModelHelloWorld extends JModelAdmin
{
/**
* Method to get a table object, load it if necessary.
*
* @param string $type The table name. Optional.
* @param string $prefix The class prefix. Optional.
* @param array $config Configuration array for model. Optional.
*
* @return JTable A JTable object
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public function getTable($type = 'HelloWorld', $prefix = 'HelloWorldTable', $config = array())
{
return JTable::getInstance($type, $prefix, $config);
}
/**
* Method to get the record form.
*
* @param array $data Data for the form.
* @param boolean $loadData True if the form is to load its own data (default case), false if not.
*
* @return mixed A JForm object on success, false on failure
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public function getForm($data = array(), $loadData = true)
{
// Get the form.
$form = $this->loadForm(
'com_helloworld.helloworld',
'helloworld',
array(
'control' => 'jform',
'load_data' => $loadData
)
);
if (empty($form))
{
return false;
}
return $form;
}
/**
* Method to get the data that should be injected in the form.
*
* @return mixed The data for the form.
*
* @since 1.6
*/
protected function loadFormData()
{
// Check the session for previously entered form data.
$data = JFactory::getApplication()->getUserState(
'com_helloworld.edit.helloworld.data',
array()
);
if (empty($data))
{
$data = $this->getItem();
}
return $data;
}
}
Questo modello eredita dalla classe JModelAdmin e usa il suo metodo loadForm. Questo metodo cerca i moduli nella cartella forms. Con il tuo file manager ed editor preferito, inserisci un file admin/models/forms/helloworld.xml contenente:
admin/models/forms/helloworld.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<form>
<fieldset>
<field
name="id"
type="hidden"
/>
<field
name="greeting"
type="text"
label="COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_GREETING_LABEL"
description="COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_GREETING_DESC"
size="40"
class="inputbox"
default=""
/>
</fieldset>
</form>
Nota: COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_GREETING_LABEL e COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_GREETING_DESC sono un alias per COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_FIELD_GREETING_LABEL_FIELDELLOWORLD e ._GREETING_HESCELLOWORLD rispettivamente
Qui stiamo usando etichette e descrizioni diverse per trasmettere due significati diversi in due sezioni diverse, ma possono essere facilmente mantenuti uguali.
Assemblaggio del componente
Contenuto della directory del tuo codice
- helloworld.xml
- site/helloworld.php
- site/index.html
- site/controller.php
- site/views/index.html
- site/views/helloworld/index.html
- site/views/helloworld/view.html.php
- site/views/helloworld/tmpl/index.html
- site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.xml
- site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php
- site/models/index.html
- site/models/helloworld.php
- site/language/index.html
- site/language/en-GB/index.html
- site/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini
- admin/index.html
- admin/helloworld.php
- admin/controller.php
- admin/sql/index.html
- admin/sql/install.mysql.utf8.sql
- admin/sql/uninstall.mysql.utf8.sql
- admin/sql/updates/index.html
- admin/sql/updates/mysql/index.html
- admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.1.sql
- admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.6.sql
- admin/models/index.html
- admin/models/fields/index.html
- admin/models/fields/helloworld.php
- admin/models/helloworlds.php
- admin/models/helloworld.php
- admin/models/forms/index.html
- admin/models/forms/helloworld.xml
- admin/controllers/helloworld.php
- admin/controllers/helloworlds.php
- admin/controllers/index.html
- admin/views/index.html
- admin/views/helloworld/index.html
- admin/views/helloworld/view.html.php
- admin/views/helloworld/tmpl/edit.php
- admin/views/helloworld/tmpl/index.html
- admin/views/helloworlds/index.html
- admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php
- admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/index.html
- admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/default.php
- admin/tables/index.html
- admin/tables/helloworld.php
- admin/language/index.html
- admin/language/en-GB/index.html
- admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini
- admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.sys.ini
Crea un file compresso di questa directory o scarica direttamente l'archivio e installalo utilizzando il gestore di estensioni di Joomla. Puoi aggiungere una voce di menu di questo componente utilizzando il menu manager nel backend.
helloworld.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<extension type="component" version="3.0" method="upgrade">
<name>COM_HELLOWORLD</name>
<!-- The following elements are optional and free of formatting constraints -->
<creationDate>January 2018</creationDate>
<author>John Doe</author>
<authorEmail>john.doe@example.org</authorEmail>
<authorUrl>http://www.example.org</authorUrl>
<copyright>Copyright Info</copyright>
<license>License Info</license>
<!-- The version string is recorded in the components table -->
<version>0.0.9</version>
<!-- The description is optional and defaults to the name -->
<description>COM_HELLOWORLD_DESCRIPTION</description>
<install> <!-- Runs on install -->
<sql>
<file driver="mysql" charset="utf8">sql/install.mysql.utf8.sql</file>
</sql>
</install>
<uninstall> <!-- Runs on uninstall -->
<sql>
<file driver="mysql" charset="utf8">sql/uninstall.mysql.utf8.sql</file>
</sql>
</uninstall>
<update> <!-- Runs on update; New since J2.5 -->
<schemas>
<schemapath type="mysql">sql/updates/mysql</schemapath>
</schemas>
</update>
<!-- Site Main File Copy Section -->
<!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder
to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied
in this section are copied from /site/ in the package -->
<files folder="site">
<filename>index.html</filename>
<filename>helloworld.php</filename>
<filename>controller.php</filename>
<folder>views</folder>
<folder>models</folder>
</files>
<languages folder="site/language">
<language tag="en-GB">en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini</language>
</languages>
<administration>
<!-- Administration Menu Section -->
<menu link='index.php?option=com_helloworld'>COM_HELLOWORLD_MENU</menu>
<!-- Administration Main File Copy Section -->
<!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder
to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied
in this section are copied from /admin/ in the package -->
<files folder="admin">
<!-- Admin Main File Copy Section -->
<filename>index.html</filename>
<filename>helloworld.php</filename>
<filename>controller.php</filename>
<!-- SQL files section -->
<folder>sql</folder>
<!-- tables files section -->
<folder>tables</folder>
<!-- models files section -->
<folder>models</folder>
<!-- views files section -->
<folder>views</folder>
<!-- controllers files section -->
<folder>controllers</folder>
</files>
<languages folder="admin/language">
<language tag="en-GB">en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini</language>
<language tag="en-GB">en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.sys.ini</language>
</languages>
</administration>
</extension>
Si prega di creare una richiesta pull o un problema su https://github.com/joomla/Joomla-3.2-Hello-World-Component per eventuali discrepanze del codice o se si modifica il codice sorgente in questa pagina.