J3.x

J3.x : configurazione globale

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Joomla! 
≥ 3.0

Questo articolo approfondisce le informazioni fornite sulla Configurazione Globale nella Guida online di Joomla, e contiene suggerimenti di utilizzo delle impostazioni trovate in questa parte dell'interfaccia amministrativa. L'area Configurazione Globale fa parte dell'interfaccia amministrativa (detta anche "backend"), cui si accede tramite

https://pathtojoomla/administrator

Quest'area è accessibile solo se si ha l'accesso come membri di un gruppo con l'attributo di Super Amministratori (di default solo il gruppo Super Utenti). Una volta effettuato il login, per accedere alla pagina:

  • Vai su System  Global Configuration oppure
  • Clicca l'icona Global Configuration

J3x-global-config-quick-icon.png

dal pannello di controllo principale.

Come implica il nome, Global Configuration è l'area dell'interfaccia amministrativa di Joomla dove un utente con attributi di Super Administrator è in grado di apportare modifiche che influenzano globalmente il comportamento del sito web e anche modificare alcune impostazioni predefinite per la presentazione e l'accesso ai contenuti del sito.

Tutti i parametri sotto le schede Sito, Sistema e Server nella Configurazione Globale sono memorizzati come valori nel file configuration.php, che troverete nella cartella principale dell'installazione di Joomla. Questo file viene impostato automaticamente dal processo di installazione del software e quindi molti dei parametri che appaiono nelle schermate di Configurazione Globale è meglio lasciarli come impostazioni iniziali. Nel caso in cui Joomla non sia in grado di aggiornare configuration.php un messaggio come "Impossibile salvare i dati. Errore: Impossibile scrivere nel file di configurazione" verrà visualizzato, piuttosto che il solito "Configurazione salvata con successo". Ci sono diversi modi per superare questo problema, per ulteriori informazioni fare riferimento a Cannot save Global Configuration changes.

I parametri controllati da una terza scheda, Permessi, (presente solo con Joomla v1.6.x e successive) differiscono da quelli controllati tramite le altre schede in quanto sono memorizzati all'interno del database del sito web.

The Toolbar

La barra degli strumenti di configurazione globale è composta da quattro pulsanti che consentono all'utente di salvare le modifiche, allontanarsi dalla pagina di configurazione globale e richiamare le pagine della Guida in linea. Le barre degli strumenti differiscono tra Joomla v1.5.x e le versioni successive, per quanto riguarda la denominazione e l'ordine dei pulsanti.

  • Salva: Salva tutte le modifiche apportate in qualsiasi scheda e la schermata Configurazione globale rimane aperta in modo che la modifica o il controllo dei parametri globali possa continuare.
  • Salva e chiudi: Come Salva, ma ritorna alla schermata di benvenuto di Administrator.
  • Annulla: Ritorna alla schermata di benvenuto dell'amministratore senza salvare le modifiche alla configurazione globale.
  • Aiuto: Apre la schermata di aiuto per la configurazione globale.

Le opzioni della scheda Sito =

Nota: l'ordine in cui questi elementi appaiono sullo schermo varia leggermente tra le diverse versioni di Joomla.

Questo gruppo di opzioni controlla un insieme eterogeneo di parametri che controllano ampiamente il comportamento delle pagine web pubbliche del sito Joomla.

  • "'Site Name"' : Il nome del sito web. Questo testo fornisce un unico punto di aggiornamento del nome del sito ed è spesso utilizzato dai modelli di sito come testo di intestazione di ogni pagina web.
  • Sito Offline. Questa impostazione fornisce un mezzo per mettere un sito offline agli utenti generici cambiando l'impostazione predefinita di "No" in "Sì". Quando non in linea, le pagine pubbliche del sito web saranno sostituite dal messaggio offline (vedi sotto) e da un modulo di accesso. Solo gli amministratori sono in grado di accedere al sito quando sono impostati su offline utilizzando questa opzione. Una volta effettuato il login, gli amministratori sono in grado di vedere il sito web e di lavorarci normalmente.
  • Offline Message. Il messaggio che verrà visualizzato sul sito quando il sito è offline. Può essere modificato per fornire qualcosa di più utile del messaggio predefinito. Questa potrebbe essere una data o un'ora in cui il sito sarà di nuovo online, o l'URL di un sito web alternativo che qualsiasi visitatore potrebbe utilizzare.
  • Inline Editing Select if you want inline editing for modules and menu items (support may depend on your template).
  • Default Editor The default text editor for use when creating or updating articles on the site. This may be No editor (edit raw HTML code only), one of editors pre-installed in Joomla or an editor installed subsequently as an extension. The editor loaded when a registered site user starts editing text content may be overridden on a user-by-user basis, but in the absence of any such override it will be the Default Editor as set here.
  • Default Access Level (only present in Joomla v1.6.x and later) The access level given by default to new content items, menu entries, etc. By default this is Public, but could be changed to other levels if – for example – it was undesirable for newly created items to be visible to all site users. The access level for any items may be overridden when created, or changed at a later point by anyone logged-in with the appropriate permissions.
  • Default List Limit This sets the maximum number of items per page in lists displayed in various pages of the Joomla Administrator, although this value may be overridden temporarily within the list pages themselves. By default, this parameter is set to 20 but may be changed to any of a number of values ranging from 5 to 100.
    Tip Use a larger value (50 or 100) than the default as it is usually easier to scroll up and down a list on a single page than to move between lots of short pages. Also if all items are on one page, it is much easier to carry out a global search, for example for text in an article title.
  • Default Feed Limit The number of content items to be shown in any RSS news feeds set up on the website. By default, this is set to 10, although unless the site is very active a smaller number may be better.
  • Feed Email Atom and RSS news feeds generated from site content by the Joomla “Syndicate feeds” (“Syndication” in Joomla v1.5.x) site module may include an email address as part of the author's identity. This parameter determines the source of that email address: the “Author Email” setting will use the email address held on the site for content author, “Site Email” will use the “From email” address set up under the Server tab (see below) for emails generated automatically by the website.
    Tip “Site Email” is usually the preferred setting if content syndication is being used on a website. This is because the alternative will expose the content authors' email addresses to collection by spam lists.

Metadata Settings Group

This group of options controls the presence or content of several of the metadata entries (i.e. code like <meta name = …. \>) in the header of each page of the website. Although not visible to the site user, metadata entries may be used in various ways by web search engines and their appropriate use can significantly aid the search rankings and visibility of a website. Note that several of the following metadata parameters may be overridden for the content categories and individual content items.

  • Site Meta Description Text added here appears in web page headers as the description metadata entry. Search engines often use this to provide descriptive text for your web pages in place some (possibly inappropriate) text from the content of the web page. A description of around 20 words is recommended. This metadata entry is omitted from web pages if this entry is blank.
  • Site Meta Keywords Words and phrases (separated by commas) added here appear in web page headers as the keywords metadata entry. Search engines may use these words to refine their indexing of the site's web pages. This metadata entry is omitted from web pages if this entry is blank.
  • Content Rights (Only present in Joomla v1.6.x and later.) Text added here appears in web page headers as the rights metadata entry. If appropriate, describe here what rights others have to use this content. This metadata entry is omitted from web pages if this entry is blank.
  • Show Author Meta Tag When this parameter is set to Yes an author metadata entry is added to the page header when appropriate, using the content item's author name as the metadata text.

SEO Settings Group

SEO is the initialism of Search Engine Optimisation. Settings in this group alter the format of URLs for pages in the website and this may have a significant effect of the search rankings of individual pages, as well as making URLs more human-friendly.

Tip After making any changes to the settings in this group, refresh any of the website's pages already open in your web browser (usually Ctrl+R will do this). Failure to so this will likely mean that the format of web links internal to the site no longer match that which Joomla is expecting and thus give the appearance of broken links.

Tip Avoid if at all possible altering the SEO Settings once a website is established. Changing any of the first three items below will mean that nearly all of a site's URLs will also change and result in broken links from other sites and perhaps a temporary drop in search engine rankings.

  • Search Engine Friendly URLs Joomla's internal representation of URLs tends to be lengthy and also difficult to interpret by humans and search engine spiders. This is a typical example of the internal URL for a page displaying a content item: www.example.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22&Itemid=437. If this Global Configuration option is set to yes, the URL is modified into a shorter and more meaningful form: www.example.com/index.php/getting-started. The identifying text in the URL (in this case getting_started) is derived from the Alias text set up for each Category, content item and Menu item. The default setting is No.* Use Apache mod_rewrite When this parameter is set to Yes, Joomla will use the mod_rewrite function of Apache web servers to eliminate the index.php part of the URL. When this is in force, the “search engine friendly” URL shown above will become: www.example.com/getting-started.
    Note This parameter is set to No by default. It should not be set to Yes unless the web server uses Apache software and has been set up so that mod_rewrite is installed and will work with your website (see here for how to check). Also for this function to work, the htaccess.txt file installed in the root directory of the website (or preferably a copy of it) should be renamed to .htaccess. As an incorrectly configured .htaccess file can easily cause major server errors, please do not modify the .htaccess file unless you understand how it works.
  • Add Suffix to URL When set to Yes, Joomla will add .html to the end of the most site URLs thus simulating static file-based web content. The URLs shown above will then become: www.example.com/index.php/getting-started.html or www.example.com/getting-started.html. This setting is largely down to personal preference, but bearing in mind that it is easy to confuse .htm and .html suffixes when typing URLs, the advantage may lie with having this feature switched off. The default setting is No.
  • Unicode aliases (Only present in Joomla v1.6.x and later.) Choose between Transliteration (No) and Unicode (Yes) aliases. When saving edited content, the former setting attempts to convert, where appropriate, any alias text into the corresponding Latin characters. The latter setting leaves any non-Latin characters in the alias text unchanged. Changing this parameter does not retroactively change aliases, it just changes the behaviour of automatic alias generation for future content editing and creation. Transliteration (No) is the default setting.
  • Add Site Name To Page Titles (Only present in Joomla v1.6.x and later.) Appends the site name to page titles in the <title> tag of each web page header. (This text usually appears in the top bar of the web browser window or on the browser tab.) Joomla v1.6.x introduced this feature as an option to either include the site name text before the page title (e.g. Site Name – Page Name) or omit it. With Joomla v1.7.x the options also include inserting the site name after the page name (e.g. Page Name – Site Name) as well as before.

Cookie Settings Group

Only present in Joomla v1.6.x and later, these settings allow the site cookies to be modified to suit certain circumstances. For the majority of websites these entries may be left blank. The cookie domain may be useful if you want a cookie be valid for several subdomains. The cookie path would have to be set if the cookie should only be valid for a certain subdirectory.

  • Cookie Domain Overrides the site's default cookie domain with the domain added here. The most likely situation when this would be needed is when the Joomla site is “bridged“ with other sites (e.g. forum or e-commerce) in sub-domains of the Joomla site. The default cookie domain may be like www.example.com, but using .example.com (note the leading dot) here will deliver cookies valid for any sub-domain of example.com.
  • Cookie Path Overrides the site's default path for which the cookie is valid with the path added here.

The System Tab Options

System Settings Group

  • Path to Log Folder The full path to the folder on the server where any logs should be stored by Joomla! or its extensions. This folder location is set up on Joomla installation and should not normally be changed.
  • Help Server Select the default source of the information presented when a Help button is clicked. The purpose of this choice is mainly to select the appropriate language variant of the Help service. The choice of Help service may be overridden for individual registered site users.

Debug Settings Group

  • Debug System If set to Yes, Joomla will add debug information on every page below the normal web page area. This information will include various forms of diagnostic information, including the full database queries used in generating the page. The default setting is No. The mix and format of diagnostic information presented by the debug function may be altered by editing the parameters of the Debug - System plug-in (Extensions > Plug-in Manager).
    Note the debug information displayed with this parameter set to Yes is visible to all users and thus may be a security risk if used on a public website. The debug information is visible even if Site Offline is set to Yes.
  • Debug Language If set to Yes, Joomla will activate features designed to help debug language translations for a Joomla site. This includes the addition of language translation information to page debug information (requires Debug System also set to Yes), and markers to show translated content within the web pages themselves. For further information, refer to Debugging a translation.

Cache Settings Group

  • Cache This setting controls whether or not site caching is enabled. When enabled, web pages are held for a period of time in cache storage and are retrieved from there rather than being re-created each time required. Caching is a strategy to reduce the loading presented by busy websites to a web server. The default setting is No.
    Tip: When debugging a Joomla site, switch off the cache as it may hide changes to web pages and thus mask the effect of modifications to website code.
  • Cache Handler This setting defines the mechanism used to manage the cache storage.
  • Cache Time This parameter defines the maximum time for which web pages are held in the cache storage before being updated with the current version. The default is 15 minutes.

Session Settings Group

The session is the data that identifies and relates to a specific website user and that persists as that user moves from page to page.

  • Session Lifetime This parameter determines how long it takes until a user is automatically logged off for being inactive. The default setting is 15 minutes, although it can be useful to temporarily lengthen this parameter on development sites to avoid having to repeatedly log back in.
  • Session Handler Selects the mechanism used to hold session information between one page request and the next one from the same user. The options are Database (the default) and None. The former stores session information as entries in a table in the site's Joomla database. The latter uses the session handling mechanism built in to PHP.

The Server Tab Options

Server Settings Group

  • Path to Temp Folder This is the full path to the folder on the server that Joomla and its extensions will use for temporary file storage. This folder location is set up on Joomla installation and should not normally be changed.
  • GZIP Page Compression If set to Yes, the web server will compress the content sent out from your Joomla site. This will speed-up page load times, especially for website users who have a low-bandwidth connection. The default setting is No.
  • Error Reporting This parameter sets the level of error reporting to be used by PHP on the Joomla site. It has five options: System Default, None, Simple, Maximum and Development. System Default leaves the level of PHP error reporting to that set up in the server (usually in the php.ini file). None switches off PHP error reporting and Simple, Maximum and Development override the server setting to give a basic level of reporting (for Simple) and the reporting of all errors (Maximum and Development).
    Tip Should your Joomla site fail to the extent that it is not possible to use the Administrator page to activate error reporting, you can switch on full PHP error reporting by editing the configuration.php file. Changing the $error_reporting parameter in that file to a value of maximum is the equivalent to setting Error Reporting to Maximum.
  • Force SSL This parameter has three options: None, Administrator Only, and Entire Site. Using the appropriate setting, this parameter forces any web browser connections to the Backend, or to the complete Joomla site, to use the secure HTTP protocol (HTTPS). The Entire Site setting is appropriate where security of any web transaction (e.g. e-commerce) is important. Ideally there should also be an appropriate certificate in place to verify the identity of your website. The “Administrator Only” setting is ideal for enhancing the security of other types of website as it encrypts Backend content and passwords that could be put to malicious use if intercepted.
    Note Before moving away from the default setting of None, it is essential that you verify that the server delivering your website is capable of operating in HTTPS mode.

Location Settings Group

  • Server Time Zone Sets the time zone for use across the website, based on a choice of capital cities. (default is London, UTC 00:00) Internally, Joomla stores the date and time of events as UTC. It then uses Server Time Zone to set the appropriate offset to display time and date information on the website in the server's local time zone. Note each user also has a time zone parameter that, by default, is the same as the Server Time Zone but that may be changed to reflect the preferred time zone of that user.

FTP Settings Group

A significant problem with running scripted programs—such as Joomla—on Linux and similar servers is that the files and folders making up the program are not owned by the same identity as the one used to execute the web server code. The files and folders making up the website will usually be put in place on the server by means of FTP and thus will be owned by the personal log-in identity used for FTP access. In contrast, the web server code will be executed by a generic identity used for automatic processes within the server.

Because of this difference between the FTP upload and web server identities, automatic updates of the website code (e.g. installing or updating extensions) will be blocked by the security features that prevent one user's files being altered by another user.

One solution to this problem is for Joomla to use FTP when installing or deleting files and if this is used it is essential that the FTP credentials are the same as those used when installing the Joomla website.

The FTP option is generally only needed on shared servers using Linux and Unix-like operating systems. The problem does not arise with other operating systems, and on dedicated servers there is the alternative option of changing the ownership and permissions of the website files so that they may be modified by the web server processes.

FTP is also not necessary when the Joomla site has been set up to operate under CGI or FastCGI as the web server process then generally operates under the same identity as the one used for FTP access.

  • Enable FTP Setting this to Yes will force Joomla to use FTP when adding, deleting, or updating website files. This is in place of the PHP functions that would normally be used to do this. The default setting is No and should not be changed unless FTP upload is necessary (see the detail above).
  • FTP Host The URL to be used for FTP access to the Joomla website files.
  • FTP Port Generally 21. You will be advised by your web hosting provider if a different port number needs to be used for FTP access.
  • FTP Username The user identity that Joomla will use for FTP access. This must be the same identity as used in setting up the website.
  • FTP Password The password for the above user identity.
  • FTP Root This is the path from the FTP log-in location to the folder that holds the Joomla site.

Database Settings Group

These parameters identify the database location, the database and tables within that database that hold configuration and content information for your website. It also includes the username required for accessing the database contents, but not the password associated with that username. Should you need to change the database password, edit the line defining the value of $password in the configuration.php file, which you will find in the Joomla root.

  • Database Type This determines the type of the database being used by this Joomla installation and also the type of interface used to access the database. Current versions of Joomla can operate on MySQL, MSSQL and PostgreSQL. For MySQL there are two choices: MySQL and MySQLi. The latter should be used if possible as it should work with all modern implementations of MySQL server and offers a number of advantages over the MySQL interface.[1] For MSSQL also two choices: MS SQL Server and MS SQL Azure.
  • Host (Hostname in v1.5,x) The hostname of the database server to be used. In most web hosting situations, the database server is located in the same system as the web server and this parameter should then be set to localhost. Otherwise this setting should be the server name or IP address (e.g. mysql.example.com).
  • Database Username (Username in v1.5.x) The username required to access the database carrying the Joomla site's data tables.
  • Database Name (Database in v1.5.x) The name of the database carrying the Joomla site's data tables.
  • Database Table Prefix The prefix applied to the name of the database tables used by this Joomla installation. For Joomla v1.5.x and v1.6.x this is jos_ by default and should another Joomla site have to share the same database, the database tables would be kept separate by setting up this second site with a different prefix – e.g. jos2_. With Joomla v1.7.x the same result is achieved by using a prefix that is a randomly generated alphabetic code and underscore – e.g. vduea_.

Mail Settings Group

This group is used to set up the sending of emails from the Joomla! website.

  • Mailer This sets the mechanism to be used when sending automatically generated emails. The choice is between PHP Mail (the PHP mail() function), Sendmail (an email handling program available in many web servers), or SMTP (a separate email delivery server similar to those used by most email clients). The default setting is PHP Mailer.
  • From email (Mail from in v1.5.x) The email address to be used as from address in any outgoing emails generated by the Joomla site.
  • From Name This defines the from name in any outgoing emails generated by the Joomla site.
  • Disable Mass Mail Select Yes to disable the Mass Mail Users function. Select No to make it active. Mass Mail allows the site to send emails to all or to a specific group of registered users.

The remaining Mail Settings parameters need to be set up only if Mailer is set to SMTP.

  • SMTP Authentication Whether or not the external SMTP server requires authentication before accepting outgoing emails. The default is No.
  • SMTP Security The form of security required by the SMTP server: None, SSL or TLS. The default is None.
  • SMTP Port The IP port to use when connecting to the SMTP server. This will usually be 25 for None, or 465 for SSL or TLS.
  • SMTP Username The username to be used when connecting to the SMTP server in SSL or TLS mode. May be left blank if there is no SMTP authentication.
  • SMTP Password The password to be used when connecting to the SMTP server in SSL or TLS mode. May be left blank if there is no SMTP authentication.
  • SMTP Host The hostname of the SMTP server (e.g. smtp.example.com).

The Text Filters Tab

These text filter settings will be applied to all text editor fields submitted by users in the selected groups. These filtering options give more control over the HTML your content providers submit. You can be as strict or as liberal as you require to suit your site's needs. The filtering is opt-in and the default settings provide good protection against markup commonly associated with website attacks.

The Permissions Tab Options

This tab is only present in Joomla v1.6.x and later as it reflects the enhanced flexibility of access control introduced with v1.6. It provides the means to set up the default permissions for all of the groups of users in terms their ability to edit site content and other settings of the site and to access administrative functions.

There are comprehensive descriptions of the use of the settings under this tab and the general principles of operation and set-up of permissions in Joomla v1.6 and later here: ACL Tutorial for Joomla 3.x.

References

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