Running Automated Tests for the Joomla CMS

Introduction

This article has been updated as of November 2012 to reflect the latest information for running unit and system tests for Joomla version 3.0.

When you checkout the master branch of Joomla from Github.com (https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms) you will see a folder called "tests". This folder contains unit and two types of system tests for the CMS. The unit tests use PHPUnit and the system tests use PHPUnit and Selenium. The unit tests perform tests on the CMS library files (libraries/cms). The Selenium and Webdriver system tests run Joomla! from a browser and test it as a user would.

As of 3.0, we are transitioning our system tests from the older Selenium RC (found in the tests/system/suite folder) to the newer Webdriver methodolgy (found in tests/system/webdriver). We will continue to use and maintain the older tests, but all new tests will be written using Webdriver.

Before you can run the tests, you need to install some programs on your local workstation, as documented below. This document explains how to run the these tests from your local workstation.

PHP Requirements

You may need to modify your PHP configuration. This is done by editing your php.ini file and then restarting your Apache service.

CMS Unit Tests

Some of the CMS unit tests rely on the PHP extension Sqlite3. To run these tests, make sure that the following line in your php.ini file is uncommented:

• For Windows: extension=php_sqlite3.dll
• For Linux: extension=php_sqlite3.so

Webdriver System Tests

The Webdriver system tests require PHP version 5.3.8 or later. They also require that the Curl extension is installed. Make sure the following line in your php.ini file is uncommented:

• For Windows: extension=php_curl.dll
• For Linux: extension=php_curl.so

Install PHPUnit

Both the unit and system tests rely on PHPUnit. PHPUnit is a testing framework that requires PHP to be installed on the local workstation. On most PHP installations, PHPUnit can be installed using the PEAR installation process, so that is what we document here. As of November 2012, PHPUnit 3.6 is recommended. PHP version 5.3.8 or later is required to run the Joomla system tests. You can run the unit tests with PHP 5.3.3 or later.

The latest installation instructions for PHPUnit are here: http://www.phpunit.de/manual/3.6/en/installation.html.

The PEAR commands are as follows:

• pear config-set auto_discover 1
• pear install pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit
• pear install phpunit/DbUnit, or pear install pear.phpunit/DbUnit
• pear install phpunit/PHPUnit_Selenium

If you're receiving errors on OSX/Linux about Duplicate package channel://pear.phpunit.de/File_Iterator-* found try:

• sudo pear clear-cache
• sudo pear install phpunit/File_Iterator
• sudo pear install phpunit/Text_Template
• sudo pear install --force --alldeps pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit

For example, on XAMPP version 1.8.1 on Windows, you would do the following commands and install PHPUnit version 3.7.8. First you set pear for auto discover, as follows:

C:\xampp\php>pear config-set auto_discover 1
config-set succeeded

Next you install PHPUnit. This will work for a few minutes and should show something similar to the following:

C:\xampp\php>pear install pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit
Attempting to discover channel "pear.phpunit.de"...
downloading channel.xml ...
Starting to download channel.xml (804 bytes)
....done: 804 bytes
Auto-discovered channel "pear.phpunit.de", alias "phpunit", adding to registry
Attempting to discover channel "pear.symfony.com"...
downloading channel.xml ...
...
... (some lines omitted to save space)
...
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/File_Iterator-1.3.3
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/Text_Template-1.1.4
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/PHP_Timer-1.0.4
install ok: channel://pear.symfony.com/Yaml-2.1.3
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/PHP_TokenStream-1.1.5
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/PHP_CodeCoverage-1.2.6
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit_MockObject-1.2.1
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit-3.7.8

Next, install DbUnit as follows:

C:\xampp\php>pear install phpunit/DbUnit
downloading DbUnit-1.2.1.tgz ...
Starting to download DbUnit-1.2.1.tgz (41,892 bytes)
............done: 41,892 bytes
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/DbUnit-1.2.1

Finally, to run the system tests you need to install the Selenium extension for PHPUnit, as follows:

C:\xampp\php>pear install phpunit/PHPunit_Selenium
downloading PHPUnit_Selenium-1.2.10.tgz ...
Starting to download PHPUnit_Selenium-1.2.10.tgz (37,389 bytes)
..........done: 37,389 bytes
install ok: channel://pear.phpunit.de/PHPUnit_Selenium-1.2.10

At this point, PHPUnit should be set up and you can proceed to the next section.

Troubleshooting PHPUnit Installation

If you get an error that your PEAR version is too low, run:

• pear upgrade pear

and repeat pear install phpunit/PHPUnit . Windows users not using WAMP or XAMPP can use the same procedure, with substituting the location of your PHP installation for cd c:\xampp\php.

In Ubuntu Linux, use the following commands to install PHPUnit:

• sudo apt-get install php-pear
• sudo pear channel-update pear.php.net
• sudo pear upgrade-all
• sudo pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
• sudo pear channel-discover components.ez.no
• sudo pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com
• sudo pear install -a phpunit/PHPUnit
• sudo pear install pear.phpunit/DbUnit

In Mac OSX with XAMPP, use the following commands to install PHPUnit:

• $sudo /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de
• $sudo /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/pear channel-discover pear.symfony-project.com
• $sudo /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/pear channel-discover components.ez.no
• $sudo /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/pear install -a phpunit/PHPUnit

If you are using MAMP, substitute the path to your PHP pear folder for /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/.

More detailed instructions can be found here: http://www.phpunit.de/manual/3.0/en/installation.html.

Running Unit Tests

Run Suite from XML File

Once PHPUnit is installed, it's easy to run the unit tests. The command that runs the tests is called phpunit. This file is found in your PHP folder. For example, in Windows with Xampp, it would be c:/xampp/php/phpunit. In Linux, with Xampp, it might be /opt/lampp/bin/phpunit. If you add this to your operating system path, you can execute it from any folder without using the full path name.

When you run phpunit it looks for a PHPUnit configuration XML file (either phpunit.xml or phpunit.xml.dist). The CMS unit tests are run from the Joomla root folder, where you will find the phpunit.xml.dist file. This file is included in the Git repository and can be used as is or customized (by making a copy called phpunit.xml).

To run all of the unit tests from the command line:

1. Change Joomla root folder
2. Execute the command phpunit.

The following example runs the entire unit test suite using the phpunit.xml.dist file in Windows.

C:\xampp\htdocs\joomla_development\cms-trunk>phpunit
PHPUnit 3.6.11 by Sebastian Bergmann.

Configuration read from C:\xampp\htdocs\joomla_development\cms-trunk\phpunit.xml.dist

IIIIIIII....................SS.......S.........................  63 / 234 ( 26%)
............................................ISSISSSSSSSSSSI.... 126 / 234 ( 53%)
...IIIIIIIIII.I.I.I.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII..IIIIIIIIS.IIIIII..II..SS 189 / 234 ( 80%)
SI..I........I...I...I...I.III.I.............

Time: 13 seconds, Memory: 21.25Mb

OK, but incomplete or skipped tests!
Tests: 234, Assertions: 281, Incomplete: 67, Skipped: 19. 

Generating code coverage report in Clover XML format ... done

Generating code coverage report in HTML format ... done

The dots indicate a successful test. If you have errors or failures, they will show as "E" or "F" letters and a detailed message for each will show. If you are generating code coverage or other logs, you can see the folders where these are generated in the XML file. In the default file, all of the logs are generated in build/logs, with coverage information in a folder called coverage.

You can create your own phpunit.xml file by copying the phpunit.xml.dist file and making the desired changes. For example, if you don't want to create the coverage information, remove the log type="coverage-html" element.

Run Selected Unit Tests

You can run unit tests one at a time or by folder. The following example runs all of the tests in the libraries/feed folder:

C:\xampp\htdocs\joomla_development\cms-trunk>phpunit tests/unit/suites/libraries
/feed
PHPUnit 3.6.11 by Sebastian Bergmann.

Configuration read from C:\xampp\htdocs\joomla_development\cms-trunk\phpunit.xml

....................SS.......S................................... 65 / 99 ( 65%)
..................................

Time: 1 second, Memory: 8.25Mb

OK, but incomplete or skipped tests!

You can also specify a single test simply by specifying it's full path name in the command.

Selenium RC System Tests

The older Selenium RC system tests are in the folder tests/system/suite. Before you can run the system tests, you need to install and download the Selenium Server program and configure your test environment, as shown below.

Download Selenium Server

Selenium Server (formerly Selenium RC) is the package that allows us to run Selenium tests from PHP (instead of Java). To download it, just go to the Selenium site http://seleniumhq.org/download/ and download the Selenium Server file (for example, selenium-server-standalone-2.25.0.jar) to a folder.

For example, in Windows if you create a folder called C:\selenium and copy this file there. In that folder, create a Windows bat file (such as selenium.bat though the name does not matter) or Linux shell script that runs the following command:

java -Xms40m -Xmx256m -jar selenium-server-2.25.0.jar

(Obviously you will need to use the exact name of the .jar file for the version you downloaded.) The -Xms and -Xmx arguments run the server program allocating more memory to Java than the default. That seems to help prevent intermittent errors when running a long suite of system tests.

If the Java executable is not on your path, then you will need to indicate the full path to it, like the following:

"c:\program files (x86)\Java\jre6\bin\java.exe" -Xms40m -Xmx256m -jar selenium-server-2.25.0.jar

This program needs to be running in the background before you can run any Selenium functional tests. So just run this program from a Bat file and it will continue to run in the background in a console window until you close it (for example, with Ctrl+C).

Create a Selenium Configuration File

To run the Selenium tests, we have to tell Selenium how to navigate and login to our local Joomla! installation. This is done by creating a PHP file called tests/system/servers/configdef.php. The Joomla! download includes a file called tests/system/servers/config-def.php-dist. This is a sample file that you can use to create the real file. Copy this file to a file called tests/system/servers/configdef.php and edit it to reflect your test systems configuration. There are comments in the file that tell you how to do this.

Run the System Test Suite

At this point, we are ready to actually run the tests. There are two steps to running a test. First, you need to make sure the Selenium Server process is running in the background. To do this, just execute the command (bat file or shell script) you created when you installed Selenium. This will continue to run (in a console window) until you cancel it. You do not need to stop and start this for each test. Just run it once and let it run in the background.

Once Selenium is running, you need to execute the system tests. These are executed the same way we did the unit tests, except for our starting directory.

To run all tests from the command line in Windows, change to the tests/system folder and run the following command

phpunit

By default, this will use the tests/system/phpunit.xml.dist file that is included with the Joomla checkout. This will run all of the tests listed in the phpunit.xml.dist file. You should see two browser windows open. One will display Selenium commands that are being executed. The other will show the Joomla! website and the various screens that are being opened and closed as the tests are run. As each test is completed, you will see comments in the console window describing each step in the test.

Note that the entire suite of tests takes about one hour to run. When they are done, you will get a summary display showing how many tests were run and whether there were errors or failures. If there are errors or failures, the line of code from the test program that generated the error or failure will also show. An error occurs when the test encounters an actual PHP error. A failure occurs when the test gets a result that is different than expected (when one of the assert statements in the test is not as expected).

If you use the default phpunit.xml.dist file, a file tests/system/suite/logs/junit.xml will be created at the conclusion of the test. This file can be interpreted by Eclipse and any other program that works with JUnit unit tests. It provides a graphical way to see the test results.

Run Selected Tests

As with the unit tests, you can run selected system tests by folder or file. For example, the following command will run all of the tests in the acl folder:

phpunit suite/acl

To run a the article0001Test.php tests:

phpunit suite/articles/article0001Test.php

Webdriver Tests

Webdriver is the newer system test program from Selenium. In general, all new Joomla system tests should be written with Webdriver.

The Webdriver tests are in the folder tests/system/webdriver. This folder has the following subfolders:

• Pages: Contains the page class files for the CMS.
• SeleniumClient: Contains the Nearsoft library files. These are files that allow us to write the Webdriver tests in PHP (instead of Java). They are maintained on Gihub at https://github.com/Nearsoft/PHP-SeleniumClient.
• tests: Contains the folders with the test programs. These use the Pages files.

There is also a file called bootstrap.php in the webdriver folder. This is used to auto-load the required classes. Inside the tests folder we have a file called JoomlaWebdriverTestCase.php. This file is the parent class for all Webdriver tests and has a number of useful methods.

Run All Webdriver Tests

Running the Webdriver tests is exactly the same as running the old system tests except for the starting directory. The steps are:

• Make sure the Selenium Server is running in the background.
• Change directory to the tests/system/webdriver/tests folder.
• Execute the command: phpunit

This will by default use the configuration file tests/system/webdriver/tests/phpunit.xml.dist, which is included with the CMS checkout. You can customize this by copying it to phpunit.xml and editing as desired. You do not need to delete the phpunit.xml.dist file because the phpunit.xml file takes priority if both are found.

Webdriver tests only open one browser window. Like the Selenium RC system tests, Webdriver tests are relatively slow -- similar to a very fast data entry person using the application.

Run Selected Webdriver Tests

You can run selected Webdriver tests by folder or by file just as you do for the other system tests or for the unit tests. The only difference is the starting folder.

Tips

• Make sure you run the tests on a clean database that has been installed with sample data. If you have made database changes, you should re-install Joomla! or otherwise put the database back to it's original post-installed state. When you run the entire system test suite, the first test does a clean re-install for you automatically. This tests the installation and also makes sure the database is in an expected state.
• If you find errors or failures when you run the tests, you can run the tests against the Joomla! master branch to see if the problems are in master or just in your branch.

Eclipse Users

In Eclipse, you can set up Debug and External Tools launch configurations that make it easy to debug or run unit and system tests. See Running Automated Tests from Eclipse.

Running tests on Ubuntu 12.04

phpUnit 3.8 will not install on Ubuntu 12.04 because it requires a later version of PHP than is supported on Ubuntu 12.04. The solution that worked for me was to install an earlier version of phpUnit (3.7) using Composer. I'm certain this is not the only way this can be done and it may not be the best, but it worked for me (eventually).

1. Check out Joomla from Github in the usual way (git clone).
2. Install Composer into the Joomla root directory (see instructions on Composer website).
3. Create a composer.json file containing {"require-dev": {"phpunit/phpunit": "3.7.*"}}
4. sudo php composer.phar install
5. php [path-to-Joomla]/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/composer/bin/phpunit [path-to-test] will run an individual test script. Running all tests in a folder doesn't seem to work.