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Joomla! 

3.x

Tutorial

Desarrollo de un Componente MVC

Artículos de esta Serie

1. Introducción
2. Desarrollo de un Componente Básico

Agregar una vista a la parte del sitio

Agregar un tipo de menú a la parte del sitio

Agregar un modelo a la parte del sitio

Agregar una variable de petición en el tipo de menú

Utilizando la base de datos

Lado servidor básico

Agregar gestión de idioma

Agregar acciones del lado servidor

Agregar decoraciones del lado servidor

Agregar verificaciones

Agregar categorías

Agregar configuración

1. Agregar ACL

Agregar un archivo de secuencia de comandos instalar-desinstalar-actualizar

Agregar un formulario del lado cliente

1. Agregar una imagen
2. Agregar un mapa
3. Agregar AJAX
4. Agregar un alias

Usar la facilidad filtro de idioma

1. Agregar una Modal
2. Agregar Asociaciones
3. Agregar Comprobación
4. Agregar Ordenamiento
5. Agregar Niveles
6. Agregar Control de Versiones
7. Agregar Etiquetas
8. Agregar Accesos
9. Agregar procesos por lote
10. Agregar Caché
11. Agregar un Canal de Noticias

Agregar un servidor de actualización

1. Agregar campos personalizados
2. Upgrading to Joomla4

Esta es una serie multi-artículos de tutoriales sobre cómo desarrollar un Componente Modelo-Vista-Controlador para Joomla! Versión.

Comenzar con la Introducción, y navegar por los artículos de esta serie usando el botón de navegación en la parte inferior o en el cuadro de la derecha (los "Artículos de esta serie").

Introducción

Este artículo es parte del tutorial Desarrollo de un Componente MVC para Joomla! 3.2. Te invitamos a leer las partes anteriores del tutorial antes de leer esto.

Agregar algunos iconos

Con su administrador de archivos favorito pon una imagen de 16x16 y una 48x48 (yo elegí "tux") en una carpeta media/images/ y agregar una etiqueta media en el archivo de instalación. Modificar la etiqueta del menú con el fin de utilizar el nuevo icono.

Tux-16x16.png

Tux-48x48.png

Tenga en cuenta que de forma predeterminada la plantilla del admin (isis) desactiva los iconos del menú! Una posible solución es el uso de icoMoon en su cadena de idioma:

admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.sys.ini

; Joomla! Project
; Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters. All rights reserved.
; License GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt, see LICENSE.php
; Note : All ini files need to be saved as UTF-8

COM_HELLOWORLD="Hello World!"
COM_HELLOWORLD_DESCRIPTION="This is the Hello World description"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_VIEW_DEFAULT_TITLE="Hello World"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_VIEW_DEFAULT_DESC="This view displays a selected message"
COM_HELLOWORLD_MENU=" <i class="icon-smiley-2"></i>Hello World!"

La lista de iconos se puede encontrar aquí: Fonts Standard IcoMoon.

Modificar las vistas

En el archivo admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php poner estas líneas:

admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php

<?php
/**
 * @package     Joomla.Administrator
 * @subpackage  com_helloworld
 *
 * @copyright   Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license     GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */

// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');

/**
 * HelloWorlds View
 *
 * @since  0.0.1
 */
class HelloWorldViewHelloWorlds extends JViewLegacy
{
	/**
	 * Display the Hello World view
	 *
	 * @param   string  $tpl  The name of the template file to parse; automatically searches through the template paths.
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 */
	function display($tpl = null)
	{
		
		// Get application
		$app = JFactory::getApplication();
		$context = "helloworld.list.admin.helloworld";
		// Get data from the model
		$this->items			= $this->get('Items');
		$this->pagination		= $this->get('Pagination');
		$this->state			= $this->get('State');
		$this->filter_order 	= $app->getUserStateFromRequest($context.'filter_order', 'filter_order', 'greeting', 'cmd');
		$this->filter_order_Dir = $app->getUserStateFromRequest($context.'filter_order_Dir', 'filter_order_Dir', 'asc', 'cmd');
		$this->filterForm    	= $this->get('FilterForm');
		$this->activeFilters 	= $this->get('ActiveFilters');

		// Check for errors.
		if (count($errors = $this->get('Errors')))
		{
			JError::raiseError(500, implode('<br />', $errors));

			return false;
		}

		// Set the toolbar and number of found items
		$this->addToolBar();

		// Display the template
		parent::display($tpl);

		// Set the document
		$this->setDocument();
	}

	/**
	 * Add the page title and toolbar.
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 *
	 * @since   1.6
	 */
	protected function addToolBar()
	{
		$title = JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLDS');

		if ($this->pagination->total)
		{
			$title .= "<span style='font-size: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle;'>(" . $this->pagination->total . ")</span>";
		}

		JToolBarHelper::title($title, 'helloworld');
		JToolBarHelper::deleteList('', 'helloworlds.delete');
		JToolBarHelper::editList('helloworld.edit');
		JToolBarHelper::addNew('helloworld.add');
	}
	/**
	 * Method to set up the document properties
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	protected function setDocument() 
	{
		$document = JFactory::getDocument();
		$document->setTitle(JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_ADMINISTRATION'));
	}
}

$this->filter_order y $this->filter_order_Dir guarda el orden activo de la columna y la dirección del orden respectivamente. Esas variables son obtenidss desde las variables de estado de la aplicación.

Ver Cómo usar las variables de estado del usuario para más información sobre el uso de las variables de estado.

Esta vista utiliza un segundo parámetro para la función JToolBarHelper::title. Será utilizado para construir la clase css para el título. El método _setDocument establece el título del navegador.

En el archivo admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/default.php poner estas líneas:

admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/default.php

<?php
/**
 * @package     Joomla.Administrator
 * @subpackage  com_helloworld
 *
 * @copyright   Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license     GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */

// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted Access');

JHtml::_('formbehavior.chosen', 'select');

$listOrder     = $this->escape($this->filter_order);
$listDirn      = $this->escape($this->filter_order_Dir);
?>
<form action="index.php?option=com_helloworld&view=helloworlds" method="post" id="adminForm" name="adminForm">
	<div class="row-fluid">
		<div class="span6">
			<?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLDS_FILTER'); ?>
			<?php
				echo JLayoutHelper::render(
					'joomla.searchtools.default',
					array('view' => $this)
				);
			?>
		</div>
	</div>
	<table class="table table-striped table-hover">
		<thead>
		<tr>
			<th width="1%"><?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_NUM'); ?></th>
			<th width="2%">
				<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.checkall'); ?>
			</th>
			<th width="90%">
				<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.sort', 'COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLDS_NAME', 'greeting', $listDirn, $listOrder); ?>
			</th>
			<th width="5%">
				<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.sort', 'COM_HELLOWORLD_PUBLISHED', 'published', $listDirn, $listOrder); ?>
			</th>
			<th width="2%">
				<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.sort', 'COM_HELLOWORLD_ID', 'id', $listDirn, $listOrder); ?>
			</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tfoot>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="5">
					<?php echo $this->pagination->getListFooter(); ?>
				</td>
			</tr>
		</tfoot>
		<tbody>
			<?php if (!empty($this->items)) : ?>
				<?php foreach ($this->items as $i => $row) :
					$link = JRoute::_('index.php?option=com_helloworld&task=helloworld.edit&id=' . $row->id);
				?>
					<tr>
						<td><?php echo $this->pagination->getRowOffset($i); ?></td>
						<td>
							<?php echo JHtml::_('grid.id', $i, $row->id); ?>
						</td>
						<td>
							<a href="<?php echo $link; ?>" title="<?php echo JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_EDIT_HELLOWORLD'); ?>">
								<?php echo $row->greeting; ?>
							</a>
						</td>
						<td align="center">
							<?php echo JHtml::_('jgrid.published', $row->published, $i, 'helloworlds.', true, 'cb'); ?>
						</td>
						<td align="center">
							<?php echo $row->id; ?>
						</td>
					</tr>
				<?php endforeach; ?>
			<?php endif; ?>
		</tbody>
	</table>
	<input type="hidden" name="task" value=""/>
	<input type="hidden" name="boxchecked" value="0"/>
	<input type="hidden" name="filter_order" value="<?php echo $listOrder; ?>"/>
	<input type="hidden" name="filter_order_Dir" value="<?php echo $listDirn; ?>"/>
	<?php echo JHtml::_('form.token'); ?>
</form>

En el archivo admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php poner estas líneas:

admin/views/helloworld/view.html.php

<?php
/**
 * @package     Joomla.Administrator
 * @subpackage  com_helloworld
 *
 * @copyright   Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license     GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */

// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');

/**
 * HelloWorld View
 *
 * @since  0.0.1
 */
class HelloWorldViewHelloWorld extends JViewLegacy
{
	/**
	 * View form
	 *
	 * @var         form
	 */
	protected $form = null;

	/**
	 * Display the Hello World view
	 *
	 * @param   string  $tpl  The name of the template file to parse; automatically searches through the template paths.
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 */
	public function display($tpl = null)
	{
		// Get the Data
		$this->form = $this->get('Form');
		$this->item = $this->get('Item');

		// Check for errors.
		if (count($errors = $this->get('Errors')))
		{
			JError::raiseError(500, implode('<br />', $errors));

			return false;
		}


		// Set the toolbar
		$this->addToolBar();

		// Display the template
		parent::display($tpl);

		// Set the document
		$this->setDocument();
	}

	/**
	 * Add the page title and toolbar.
	 *
	 * @return  void
	 *
	 * @since   1.6
	 */
	protected function addToolBar()
	{
		$input = JFactory::getApplication()->input;

		// Hide Joomla Administrator Main menu
		$input->set('hidemainmenu', true);

		$isNew = ($this->item->id == 0);

		if ($isNew)
		{
			$title = JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLD_NEW');
		}
		else
		{
			$title = JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLD_EDIT');
		}

		JToolBarHelper::title($title, 'helloworld');
		JToolBarHelper::save('helloworld.save');
		JToolBarHelper::cancel(
			'helloworld.cancel',
			$isNew ? 'JTOOLBAR_CANCEL' : 'JTOOLBAR_CLOSE'
		);
	}
	/**
	 * Method to set up the document properties
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	protected function setDocument() 
	{
		$isNew = ($this->item->id < 1);
		$document = JFactory::getDocument();
		$document->setTitle($isNew ? JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_CREATING') :
                JText::_('COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_EDITING'));
	}
}

Esta vista también utiliza el segundo parámetro de la función JToolBarHelper::título y establece el título del navegador.

Adding the filters

En admin/models/helloworlds.php, poner estas líneas:

admin/models/helloworlds.php

<?php
/**
 * @package     Joomla.Administrator
 * @subpackage  com_helloworld
 *
 * @copyright   Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license     GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */
// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');

/**
 * HelloWorldList Model
 *
 * @since  0.0.1
 */
class HelloWorldModelHelloWorlds extends JModelList
{
	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 *
	 * @param   array  $config  An optional associative array of configuration settings.
	 *
	 * @see     JController
	 * @since   1.6
	 */
	public function __construct($config = array())
	{
		if (empty($config['filter_fields']))
		{
			$config['filter_fields'] = array(
				'id',
				'greeting',
				'published'
			);
		}

		parent::__construct($config);
	}

	/**
	 * Method to build an SQL query to load the list data.
	 *
	 * @return      string  An SQL query
	 */
	protected function getListQuery()
	{
		// Initialize variables.
		$db    = JFactory::getDbo();
		$query = $db->getQuery(true);

		// Create the base select statement.
		$query->select('*')
			  ->from($db->quoteName('#__helloworld'));

		// Filter: like / search
		$search = $this->getState('filter.search');

		if (!empty($search))
		{
			$like = $db->quote('%' . $search . '%');
			$query->where('greeting LIKE ' . $like);
		}

		// Filter by published state
		$published = $this->getState('filter.published');

		if (is_numeric($published))
		{
			$query->where('published = ' . (int) $published);
		}
		elseif ($published === '')
		{
			$query->where('(published IN (0, 1))');
		}

		// Add the list ordering clause.
		$orderCol	= $this->state->get('list.ordering', 'greeting');
		$orderDirn 	= $this->state->get('list.direction', 'asc');

		$query->order($db->escape($orderCol) . ' ' . $db->escape($orderDirn));

		return $query;
	}
}

Con tus administrador y editor de archivos favoritos pon un archivo en admin/models/forms/filter_helloworlds.xml que contenga:

admin/models/forms/filter_helloworlds.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<form>
	<fields name="filter">
		<field
			name="search"
			type="text"
			label="COM_BANNERS_SEARCH_IN_TITLE"
			hint="JSEARCH_FILTER"
			class="js-stools-search-string"
		/>
		<field
			name="published"
			type="status"
			label="JOPTION_SELECT_PUBLISHED"
			statuses="0,1"
			description="JOPTION_SELECT_PUBLISHED_DESC"
			onchange="this.form.submit();"
			>
			<option value="">JOPTION_SELECT_PUBLISHED</option>
		</field>
	</fields>
</form>

Modificando el archivo de entrada principal

En el archivo admin/helloworld.php, colocar estas líneas con el fin de utilizar el icono 48x48:

<?php
/**
 * @package     Joomla.Administrator
 * @subpackage  com_helloworld
 *
 * @copyright   Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * @license     GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
 */

// No direct access to this file
defined('_JEXEC') or die('Restricted access');

// Set some global property
$document = JFactory::getDocument();
$document->addStyleDeclaration('.icon-helloworld {background-image: url(../media/com_helloworld/images/tux-16x16.png);}');

// Get an instance of the controller prefixed by HelloWorld
$controller = JControllerLegacy::getInstance('HelloWorld');

// Perform the Request task
$input = JFactory::getApplication()->input;
$controller->execute($input->getCmd('task'));

// Redirect if set by the controller
$controller->redirect();

Agregar algunas cadenas de texto en el archivo de idioma

Modificar el archivo admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini y colocar estas líneas

admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini

; Joomla! Project
; Copyright (C) 2005 - 2015 Open Source Matters. All rights reserved.
; License GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt, see LICENSE.php
; Note : All ini files need to be saved as UTF-8

COM_HELLOWORLD_ADMINISTRATION="HelloWorld - Administration"

COM_HELLOWORLD_NUM="#"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLDS_FILTER="Filters"
COM_HELLOWORLD_PUBLISHED="Published"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLDS_NAME="Name"
COM_HELLOWORLD_ID="Id"

COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_CREATING="HelloWorld - Creating"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_DETAILS="Details"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_EDITING="HelloWorld - Editing"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_FIELD_GREETING_DESC="This message will be displayed"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_FIELD_GREETING_LABEL="Message"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_HEADING_GREETING="Greeting"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_HEADING_ID="Id"
COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLD_EDIT="HelloWorld manager: Edit Message"
COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLD_NEW="HelloWorld manager: New Message"
COM_HELLOWORLD_MANAGER_HELLOWORLDS="HelloWorld manager"
COM_HELLOWORLD_EDIT_HELLOWORLD="Edit message"
COM_HELLOWORLD_N_ITEMS_DELETED_1="One message deleted"
COM_HELLOWORLD_N_ITEMS_DELETED_MORE="%d messages deleted"
COM_HELLOWORLD_N_ITEMS_PUBLISHED="%d message(s) published"
COM_HELLOWORLD_N_ITEMS_UNPUBLISHED="%d message(s) unpublished"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_GREETING_LABEL="Greeting"
COM_HELLOWORLD_HELLOWORLD_GREETING_DESC="Add Hello World Greeting"

Packaging the component

Content of your code directory

• helloworld.xml
• site/helloworld.php
• site/index.html
• site/controller.php
• site/views/index.html
• site/views/helloworld/index.html
• site/views/helloworld/view.html.php
• site/views/helloworld/tmpl/index.html
• site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.xml
• site/views/helloworld/tmpl/default.php
• site/models/index.html
• site/models/helloworld.php
• site/language/index.html
• site/language/en-GB/index.html
• site/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini
• admin/index.html
• admin/helloworld.php
• admin/controller.php
• admin/sql/index.html
• admin/sql/install.mysql.utf8.sql
• admin/sql/uninstall.mysql.utf8.sql
• admin/sql/updates/index.html
• admin/sql/updates/mysql/index.html
• admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.1.sql
• admin/sql/updates/mysql/0.0.6.sql
• admin/models/index.html
• admin/models/fields/index.html
• admin/models/fields/helloworld.php
• admin/models/helloworlds.php
• admin/models/helloworld.php
• admin/models/forms/filter_helloworlds.xml
• admin/models/forms/index.html
• admin/models/forms/helloworld.xml
• admin/controllers/helloworld.php
• admin/controllers/helloworlds.php
• admin/controllers/index.html
• admin/views/index.html
• admin/views/helloworld/index.html
• admin/views/helloworld/view.html.php
• admin/views/helloworld/tmpl/edit.php
• admin/views/helloworlds/index.html
• admin/views/helloworlds/view.html.php
• admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/index.html
• admin/views/helloworlds/tmpl/default.php
• admin/tables/index.html
• admin/tables/helloworld.php
• admin/language/index.html
• admin/language/en-GB/index.html
• admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini
• admin/language/en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.sys.ini
• media/index.html
• media/images/index.html
• media/images/tux-16x16.png
• media/images/tux-48x48.png

Create a compressed file of this directory archive or directly download the archive and install it using the extension manager of Joomla. You can add a menu item of this component using the menu manager in the backend.

helloworld.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<extension type="component" version="3.2.0" method="upgrade">

	<name>COM_HELLOWORLD</name>
	<!-- The following elements are optional and free of formatting constraints -->
	<creationDate>January 2014</creationDate>
	<author>John Doe</author>
	<authorEmail>john.doe@example.org</authorEmail>
	<authorUrl>http://www.example.org</authorUrl>
	<copyright>Copyright Info</copyright>
	<license>License Info</license>
	<!--  The version string is recorded in the components table -->
	<version>0.0.10</version>
	<!-- The description is optional and defaults to the name -->
	<description>COM_HELLOWORLD_DESCRIPTION</description>

	<install> <!-- Runs on install -->
		<sql>
			<file driver="mysql" charset="utf8">sql/install.mysql.utf8.sql</file>
		</sql>
	</install>
	<uninstall> <!-- Runs on uninstall -->
		<sql>
			<file driver="mysql" charset="utf8">sql/uninstall.mysql.utf8.sql</file>
		</sql>
	</uninstall>
	<update> <!-- Runs on update; New since J2.5 -->
		<schemas>
			<schemapath type="mysql">sql/updates/mysql</schemapath>
		</schemas>
	</update>

	<!-- Site Main File Copy Section -->
	<!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder
		to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied
		in this section are copied from /site/ in the package -->
	<files folder="site">
		<filename>index.html</filename>
		<filename>helloworld.php</filename>
		<filename>controller.php</filename>
		<folder>views</folder>
		<folder>models</folder>
	</files>

        <languages folder="site/language">
		<language tag="en-GB">en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini</language>
        </languages>

	<media destination="com_helloworld" folder="media">
		<filename>index.html</filename>
		<folder>images</folder>
	</media>

	<administration>
		<!-- Administration Menu Section -->
		<menu link='index.php?option=com_helloworld' img="../media/com_helloworld/images/tux-16x16.png">COM_HELLOWORLD_MENU</menu>
		<!-- Administration Main File Copy Section -->
		<!-- Note the folder attribute: This attribute describes the folder
			to copy FROM in the package to install therefore files copied
			in this section are copied from /admin/ in the package -->
		<files folder="admin">
			<!-- Admin Main File Copy Section -->
			<filename>index.html</filename>
			<filename>helloworld.php</filename>
			<filename>controller.php</filename>
			<!-- SQL files section -->
			<folder>sql</folder>
			<!-- tables files section -->
			<folder>tables</folder>
			<!-- models files section -->
			<folder>models</folder>
			<!-- views files section -->
			<folder>views</folder>
			<!-- controllers files section -->
			<folder>controllers</folder>
		</files>
		<languages folder="admin/language">
        		<language tag="en-GB">en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.ini</language>
                        <language tag="en-GB">en-GB/en-GB.com_helloworld.sys.ini</language>
		</languages>
	</administration>

</extension>

Contributors

• Christophe Demko
• Ozgur Aksu
• Campergue Patrick
• Scionescire

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