Template Code Comparison of J1.5 and J3.x

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The table below is a quick reference of code differences between a Joomla 1.5 and Joomla 3.x template's index.php file.

Description In a 1.5 Template (index.php) you might see Recommended J3.x Template (index.php) code
First Line <?php defined( '_JEXEC' ) or die( 'Restricted access' );?> No change
DOCTYPE
<?php echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?'.'>'; ?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="<?php echo $this->language; ?>" lang="<?php echo $this->language; ?>" dir="<?php echo $this->direction; ?>" >
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"  xml:lang="<?php echo $this->language; ?>" lang="<?php echo $this->language; ?>" dir="<?php echo $this->direction; ?>">
Access to Joomla Framework
$app = JFactory::getApplication(); OR 
require_once (‘includes/../framework.php' );
$mainframe =& JFactory::getApplication('site');
No change but needs to look like this:
$app = JFactory::getApplication();
Retrieve HTML headers from Joomla
<jdoc:include type="head" />
No change
Retrieve the Sitename
$mainframe->getCfg('sitename');
$app->get('sitename');
Retrieve Error Codes
$this->error->code
$this->error->getCode();
Retrieve Error Messages
$this->error->message
$this->error->getMessage();
Retrieve System Messages
$this->getBuffer('message')
<jdoc:include type="message" />
Active Language
$this->language;
$doc->language;
View
JRequest::getVar( 'view' )
$app->input->getCmd('view');
Task
JRequest::getVar( 'task' )
$app->input->getCmd('task');
Layout
JRequest::getVar( 'layout' )
$app->input->getString('layout', 'default');
ID
JRequest::getVar( 'id' )
With alias:
$app->input->getString('id');
Only ID:
$app->input->getInt('id');
Homepage detection
<?php if(JRequest::getVar( 'view' ) == 'frontpage') ?>
<?php $menu = $app->getMenu();
if($menu->getActive() == $menu->getDefault()) ?>
Main Content
<jdoc:include type="component" />
No change
Modules & Positions
<jdoc:include type="modules" name="right" style="xhtml" />
No change
Retrieve Base URL
$url = clone(JURI::getInstance());
echo $this->baseurl; 
JURI::root()*; 
JURI::base();
$this->baseurl;
Access to Document Page Classes
$doc = JFactory::getDocument();
No change

However, use of "$this->" is equivalent.

Access to Template Parameters
echo $this->params->get('colorVariation');
No change